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Other COP editions, such as COP26 in Glasgow, Scotland, and COP21 in Paris, were crucial in setting the global emissions cap, aiming for a 1.5\u00b0C increase compared to pre-industrial levels. The event in Scotland set 2050 as the target year to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At the beginning of COP29 last November, a study was presented calculating that USD 1.3 trillion per year is needed to finance the global energy transition. However, only USD 300 billion in public and private financing was approved to be contributed by wealthy countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The amount is considered insufficient by non-wealthy nations, which leads to the continuation of the debate for the COP in Brazil. \u201cThe goals of COP30 are likely no longer about preventing the temperature from exceeding 1.5\u00b0C because there\u2019s no way to immediately zero out greenhouse gas emissions,\u201d warns Nobre. Poor and developing countries do not have the same resources as wealthy nations to prepare for the climate emergency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
While the debate continues on how to finance the response to and changes required by global warming, the planet continues to heat up. Between 2023 and 2024, the world is expected to have experienced 17 consecutive months of average temperatures higher than any previous record. Between January and September of 2024, the global average temperature surpassed pre-industrial levels by 1.54\u00b0C, exceeding the target set by the Paris Agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In 2018, the special report released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC<\/a>) showed that when global temperatures and oceans increase by 2\u00b0C, coral reefs would face extinction. Coral reefs store between 18% and 25% of all marine biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nobre warns of another troubling climate data. In 2023 alone, global warming reached 0.3\u00b0C. \u201cIn recent decades, it was warming by 0.2\u00b0C per decade. It warmed by 0.3\u00b0C in one year, and we need to see whether it will decrease or not. If it doesn\u2019t, the challenge becomes much greater,\u201d he warns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Brazil and Arab countries can contribute to reducing global emissions. In 2022, according to Nobre, based on emission inventory data, 75% of Brazil\u2019s greenhouse gas emissions were generated by \u201cland use\u201d, 50% of these resulting from deforestation and 25% from agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cThe calculations showed that, in that year, emissions from fossil fuel burning accounted for 18% [of Brazil’s emissions]. So, Brazil must significantly accelerate its emission reductions by eliminating deforestation,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n Agriculture and livestock also play a fundamental role in this journey. \u201cLow-emission agriculture is possible. It\u2019s called regenerative agriculture and livestock farming\u2014they are much more productive, even more profitable, emit far less, and use a significantly smaller area. So, all of this is achievable. This is the path Brazil must take,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Arab Gulf countries can even become leaders in the energy transition because they are wealthy nations and major oil producers and exporters. \u201cNot only within their own countries but also in financing, as the transition requires investing trillions of dollars annually in energy transformation. Arab countries certainly have a very important role to play,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If financing does not meet the necessary levels, if the planet warms beyond 1.5\u00baC, and if emissions are not reduced, the expert predicts that events like the one in Mecca last year will continue to occur. In June, over 1,300 people died due to a heatwave that reached 51.8\u00baC during the Hajj, the annual pilgrimage undertaken by Muslims to the holy city in Saudi Arabia. Events like the one in 2024, the climatologist notes, are beginning to impact the cultural life of society and will demand adaptation measures that are currently unimaginable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Read more:<\/em> Translated by Guilherme Miranda<\/strong><\/p>\nBrazil and Arabs expected to contribute<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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COP30 sparks Arab interest in Brazil<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n