Lagash – Archaeologists have uncovered the remains of a tavern dating back nearly 5,000 years in southern Iraq, which they hope will elucidate the lives of ordinary people in the world’s first cities. The joint team from USA’s University of Pennsylvania and Italy’s University of Pisa unearthed the discovery in the ruins of ancient Lagash, northeast of the modern city of Nasiriyah, which was already known to have been one of the first urban centers of the Sumerian civilization of ancient Iraq.
Among de findings were the remains of a primitive refrigeration system, a large oven, dinner benches, and about 150 serving bowls. Fish and animal bones were found in the bowls, alongside evidence of beer drinking, which was widespread among the Sumerians.
“So we’ve got the refrigerator, we’ve got the hundreds of vessels ready to be served, benches where people would sit… and behind the refrigerator is an oven that would have been used… for cooking food,” project director Holly Pittman told AFP. “What we understand this thing to be is a place where people – regular people – could come to eat, and that is not domestic,” she said.
The discovery was called a “tavern” as beear was “by far the most common drink, even more than water, for the Sumerians,” she said, noting in one of the temples excavated in the area, “there was a beer recipe that was found on a cuneiform tablet.”
‘Regular people’
The world’s first cities emerged in what is now southern Iraq after agricultural surpluses from the domestication of the first crops allowed the emergence of new social classes. The Lagash area, close to the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, was dubbed the “garden of the gods” by the ancients for its fertility and gave rise to a string of Sumerian cities dating back to the early dynastic period.
“Lagash was one of the important cities of southern Iraq,” Iraqi archaeologist Baker Azab Wali told AFP after working with the US-Italian team on the site. “Its inhabitants depended on agriculture, livestock, fishing, but also on the exchange of goods,” he said.
Pittman said the team was eager to learn more about the occupations of the people who used the tavern in its heyday in around 2700 BC to throw new light on the social structure of the first cities. A detailed analysis would need to be carried out on the samples taken during the excavations the team completed in November 2022.
“We hope to be able to characterize the neighborhoods and the kinds of occupation […] of the people that lived in this big city who were not the elite,” she said, underscoring the importance of the ‘common folk.’ “Most of the work done at the other sites focuses on kings and priests. And that is all very important, but the regular people are also important,” she emphasized. “There is so much we do not know about this early period of the emergence of cities, and that is what we are investigating,” she added.
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