Dom Pedro II, one of the rare Western leaders of the 19th century to visit the Arab countries
Motivated by scholarly and cultural motives, the Brazilian emperor took two long tours, in 1871 and in 1876-77, of Middle Eastern and North African countries. In his luggage he brought photographs, objects, and books, currently in the National Library, as well as notes. "These were travels for knowledge, Dom Pedro wanted to be seen as an intellectual," explains professor Rubens Fernandes Júnior.